TERM | DEFINITION |
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Ash and Slag | Waste generated from solid fuel burning. |
Becquerel (bq) | A unit of radionuclide activity in the radiation source, equal to nuclide activity where one nucleus decays per second |
Burnup Fraction | Fraction of an initial quantity of a given nuclide that has undergone burnup in reactor under the neutrons influence |
Business Model | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, business model is a system of transforming the capitals through business activity aiming to fulfil strategic purposes and create value over the short-, medium- and long term |
Capital | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, resources and relations being the source and the results of value (integrated value) creation processes. |
Circulating water | Water that has been used in the processing cycle, and after cooling or purification it is used for the same purposes. |
Closed Nuclear Fuel Cycle | Nuclear fuel cycle where spent nuclear fuel is processed for uranium and plutonium extraction for nuclear fuel remanufacturing |
Decommissioning | Decommissioning of a reactor facility and follow-up activity to ensure its safe dismantling, equipment disposal and further use of the site |
Depleted Uranium | Uranium that contains less isotopes U-235 than natural uranium |
Depleted Uranium | Uranium depleted through extraction of U-235, which is economically unfeasible to use; stored at a disposal site (dump) |
Dump of Radioactive Material | Controlled entry of radionuclides into water bodies with liquid waste of a nuclear facility. |
Enriched Nuclear Fuel | Nuclear fuel where the content of fissionable nuclides is higher than in natural raw material |
Enriched Uranium | Uranium which contains more U-235 isotope than natural uranium |
Enrichment (isotopic) | a) the content of atoms of a certain isotope in the isotopic mixture of the same element, if this exceeds the share of the given isotope in a naturally occurring mixture (expressed as a percentage); |
Fast Neutrons | Neutrons with kinetic energy higher than certain definite value. In Nuclear Reactor Physics fast neutrons are those with energies above 0.1 MeV |
Financial Capital | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, the pool of funds that is: |
Fuel Assembly | A package of fuel elements (rods, bars, plates and others) held together with the aid of spacer grids and other structural elements, which are integral during transportation and in-pile irradiation. Assemblies are loaded into the nuclear reactor core. |
Fuel Pellet | A pellet of compacted uranium dioxide is the basis of nuclear fuel and is contained inside fuel elements. |
Fuel Production | Nuclear fuel production, generally in the form of ceramic pellets enclosed in metal tubes (fuel elements), which are subsequently assembled in fuel assemblies (FA) |
Fuel-Element Cladding | Metal tubes in the active zone of the reactor containing oxide fuel pellets |
Gas Centrifuge | Equipment intended to obtaining enriched uranium required for operation of nuclear reactors of nuclear power plants |
Gas Diffusion Technology | Gas-diffusion method for separating uranium isotopes, based on phenomenon of molecular diffusion through the micropores in a membrane (barrier). |
Global Reporting Initiative, GRI | An international reporting system concerning economic, environmental and social performance, based on the Sustainability Reporting Standards. |
Heat Carrier | Liquid or gas used for heat transfer from the active zone of the reactor to steam generators or directly to the turbines |
Human Capital | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, people’s competencies, capabilities and experience, and their motivations, including: |
Indirect Energy Use (Consumption) | Indirect energy use (consumption) indicates the amount of energy required for production by the reporting company of the consumed or purchased externally (i.e. produced outside the company) electric energy, steam, heat energy and other types of intermediate energy. |
Integrated Report | Integrated report represents brief overview that reveals how strategy, corporate management, activities and prospects in the context of the environment lead to value creation over the short, medium and long-term periods |
Intellectual Capital | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, organizational knowledge-based intangibles |
ISAE 3000 International Standard on Assurance Engagements | The Standard of the International Federation of Accountants “The performance of assurance engagements other than audits and reviews of historical financial information” |
Manufactured Capital | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, manufactured physical objects (as distinct from natural physical objects) that are available to an organization for use in the production of goods or the provision of services, including: |
Maximum Permissible Dose | The maximum value of the individual equivalent radiation dose per year, which does not cause unfavorable changes in health after 50 years of uniform exposure |
Natural Capital | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, these are: |
Networking time | Working time minus time of scheduled breaks |
Neutron | An elementary particle with no net electric charge; can be found in each atomic nucleus except for hydrogen. Single neutrons moving with different speeds are released during the fission reaction. Slow (thermal) neutrons, in their turn, can easily cause fission of nuclei of “fissionable” isotopes, e.g., U-235, Pu-239, U-233; fast neutrons can cause fission of “fertile” isotope nuclei, e.g. U-238. Sometimes atomic nuclei can capture neutrons. |
Nuclear Energy | Internal energy of atomic nuclei released by nuclear fission or nuclear reactions |
Nuclear Facility | Any facility that generates, processes or handles radioactive or fissionable materials |
Nuclear Fuel | A material containing fissionable nuclides which, being placed in the nuclear reactor, makes it possible to sustain a nuclear chain reaction. |
Nuclear Fuel Cycle | The sequence of manufacturing processes for ensuring the operation of nuclear reactors from uranium production to the disposal of radioactive waste. |
Nuclear Fuel Depletion | Reduction of any nuclide concentration in nuclear fuel due to nuclear transformations of this nuclide during the reactor operation |
Nuclear Power | Branch of power engineering that uses nuclear energy for electricity and heat supply purposes |
Nuclear Reactor | A unit wherein a controlled chain nuclear reaction with energy release takes place. Reactors are classified according to their purpose, carrier type, design and other characteristics |
Nuclear Waste | Radioactive materials generated on various stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, including development of uranium deposits, enrichment, fuel production, reactor operation, fuel processing, etc. |
Nuclide | Type of atom with a definite number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus characterized by an atomic mass and atomic (order) number |
Ozone-Depleting Substances | Any substance with an ozone-depleting potential higher than 0, that can deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Most of ozone-depleting substances, including chlorofluorohydrocarbons, halons and methylbromide, fall under the Montreal protocol as amended |
Phase Gate Approach to Investment | A principle of planning and carrying out investment activities applied to divide investment processes into phases, where each phase is preceded by Gate Review of the results achieved and the further project implementation plans and risk, and a decision is made on the further project implementation phase to be proceeded to. |
Power Unit | One of the NPP reactors with necessary additional equipment |
Pre-test assembly program | A stage in the nuclear plant commissioning from the power start-up to the plant’s acceptance for commercial operation. |
Primary Energy Sources | Initial form of energy used to satisfy energy requirements of the reporting organization. Examples of primary sources include non-renewable energy sources, e.g. coal, natural gas, oil and nuclear energy. |
Radiation Monitoring | Acquisition of information on the radiological conditions in the organisation and in the environment and on human exposure levels (includes dose control and radiometric monitoring). |
Radiation Safety | A set of arrangements seeking to limit the exposure of personnel and the public to the lowest possible radiation dose values in a socially acceptable way, as well as to avoid the early effects of exposure and keep the delayed radiation effects within tolerable limits. |
Radioactive Discharge | Radionuclide emission into the atmosphere resulting from operation of a nuclear facility |
Radioactive Isotopes | Isotopes with unstable nuclei undergoing radioactive decay |
Radioactive Waste | Nuclear materials and radioactive substances that no longer can be used |
Radioactive Waste Processing | Technological operations aimed at altering the aggregative state and/or physic-chemical properties of radioactive waste and their transformation into forms suitable for transportation, storage and/or disposal |
Radioactive Waste Treatment | General term that covers all activities related to the processing, conditioning, transportation, storage and burial of radioactive waste |
Radionuclide | General name for radioactive atoms. They pose a great danger to environment |
Regenerated Uranium | Uranium separated from spent nuclear fuel in the process of radio-chemical reprocessing for repeated use in nuclear fuel (regenerated fuel) |
Rehabilitation of Contaminated Areas | Reduction of the extent of radioactive contamination to the level ensuring the maximum protection of population and recovery of all elements of the ecosystem (water, soil, air) to the applicable normative level |
Research Reactor | A nuclear reactor designed to be used as research object with a view to obtain data on reactor physics and technology required for design and development of a reactor of the same type or of components thereof. |
Social and Relationship Capital | According to the International Integrated Reporting Framework, – the institutions and the relationships within the Company and between the Company and different groups of stakeholders and other communities aimed to enhance collective well-being. |
Social Partnership | A system of institutes and mechanisms of coordination of the interests of the production process participants (workers, employers, state authorities, local self-government) based on equal cooperation |
Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing | A complex of chemical processes intended to remove fission products from spent nuclear fuel and fissile material recovery for reuse |
Sublimation Production | Uranium hexafluoride production |
Tailing Dump | Complex of special structures and equipment intended for storage or burial of radioactive, toxic and other tailing materials called tails |
Top Management | Directors General, Deputies Director-General |
Uranium Conversion | Chemical engineering process of uranium-containing materials transformation into uranium hexafluoride. |
Uranium Hexafluoride | a chemical compound of uranium and fluorine (UF6). This is the only highly volatile uranium-fluorine compound (when heated to 53оC, uranium hexafluoride passes from solid into gas); it is used as raw material for separation of uranium-238 and uranium-235 isotopes using a gas-diffusion technology or a gas-centrifuge technology, and for production of enriched uranium. |
Uranium Ore Enrichment | Combination of processes for the primary treatment of uranium-bearing mineral raw material to separate uranium from other minerals contained in the ore. This does not involve any changes in the content of minerals, but only mechanical separation thereof with the resultant production of an ore concentrate. |
VVER | Water-water energetic reactor with water used as heat carrier and decelerator. The most common type of Russian NPP reactors has two modifications: VVER-440 and VVER-1000 |
Worker capacity | Share of networking time that the worker is doing operations according to technological process and current workplace management. |